# AI News Crypto

> AI and cryptocurrency news, market analysis, learning guides, and a glossary of key terms. Published at https://www.ainewscrypto.com.

## Glossary

- [API](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/api): An API (Application Programming Interface) is a defined set of rules that lets one software system request data or actions from another in a standard way.
- [APR](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/apr-crypto): APR (annual percentage rate) is the annualised simple interest rate you earn or pay in crypto, shown as a percentage and typically excluding compounding.
- [APY](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/apy-crypto): APY (annual percentage yield) is the yearly return you earn on crypto deposits or DeFi positions after accounting for compounding.
- [Account Abstraction](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/account-abstraction): Account abstraction is a wallet design that lets an account use smart contract rules for signing, security, and gas payments instead of fixed protocol logic.
- [Accredited Investor](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/accredited-investor): An accredited investor is a person or entity that meets SEC criteria to invest in certain private, unregistered securities offerings.
- [Accumulation](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/accumulation): Accumulation is the strategy of building a crypto position by buying an asset gradually over time to reduce the impact of short-term volatility.
- [Address](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/address): A crypto address is a public, shareable string that identifies where blockchain assets should be sent and lets anyone view that address’s on-chain activity.
- [Address Poisoning](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/address-poisoning): Address poisoning is a crypto scam where attackers send tiny transactions from a lookalike address to trick you into copying and paying the wrong recipient…
- [Affiliate](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/affiliate): An affiliate is a person or business that promotes a company’s product or service and earns a commission when their referral leads to a tracked action like a sale or signup.
- [Agent Identity](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/agent-identity): Agent identity is a verifiable set of identifiers and permissions that lets a software or AI agent prove who it is and what it’s allowed to do.
- [Agent Wallet](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/agent-wallet): An agent wallet is a crypto wallet setup that lets a software agent sign and send transactions under predefined permissions and limits.
- [Agentic Payment](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/agentic-payment): An agentic payment is a transaction that an AI agent initiates and completes autonomously within user-defined rules, without manual approval at checkout.
- [Ai Agent](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/ai-agent): An AI agent is software that can pursue a goal by planning, using tools, and taking actions in an environment with limited human input.
- [Ai Trading Agent](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/ai-trading-agent): An AI trading agent is software that uses machine learning to decide when to buy, sell, or hold assets and can execute trades automatically under defined…
- [Air Gapped](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/air-gapped): Air-gapped means a device is physically isolated from networks, keeping private keys offline to reduce the risk of remote hacking.
- [Airdrop](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/airdrop): An airdrop is a crypto token distribution where a project sends tokens to eligible wallets—often to reward users, grow adoption, or decentralize ownership.
- [Algo-Trading](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/algo-trading): Algo-trading is the automated buying and selling of assets using pre-programmed rules that analyze market data and place orders without manual input.
- [Allocation](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/allocation): Allocation is how a crypto project divides its token supply among groups like the community, team, investors, and treasury, often with vesting rules.
- [Amended Return](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/amended-return): An amended return is a tax filing submitted after an original return to correct errors or update income, deductions, credits, or other tax details.
- [Api Key](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/api-key): API key trading is placing and managing crypto exchange orders through an API key that authorizes a third-party app or script to act on your account.
- [Approval Phishing](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/approval-phishing): Approval phishing is a crypto scam that tricks you into granting a smart contract permission to move your tokens or NFTs from your wallet.
- [Arbitrage](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/arbitrage): Arbitrage is a trading strategy that profits from temporary price differences for the same asset across markets by buying low in one place and selling high in…
- [Asset](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/asset): An asset is anything of value you can own or control, including crypto coins, tokens, NFTs, stablecoins, and tokenised real-world items.
- [Ats Alternative Trading System](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/ats-alternative-trading-system): An ATS alternative trading system is a regulated, broker-dealer-run venue that matches buyers and sellers of securities outside a national securities exchange.
- [Attestation](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/attestation): Attestation is a signed statement that provides evidence a claim is true, such as a validator vote on a block or a report about stablecoin backing.
- [Audit](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/audit): An audit is an independent review that checks a crypto project’s code, security, and controls to find risks, verify claims, and improve trust.
- [Aum](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/aum): AUM, or assets under management, is the total market value of investments a fund, ETF, or manager oversees on behalf of clients.
- [Aum Copy Trading](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/aum-copy-trading): AUM copy trading is copy trading that tracks and often ranks strategies by assets under management, showing how much follower capital is allocated to a lead…
- [Automated Market Maker](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/automated-market-maker-amm): An automated market maker (AMM) is a DEX mechanism that uses smart contracts and liquidity pools to price and execute token swaps without an order book.
- [Autonomous Agent](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/autonomous-agent): An autonomous agent is a software system that perceives inputs, decides what to do, and takes actions toward a goal with minimal human intervention.
- [Autonomous Execution](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/autonomous-execution): Autonomous execution is the ability for software or smart contracts to carry out predefined actions automatically when conditions are met, without manual…
- [Backed Finance](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/backed-finance): Backed Finance is a tokenization issuer that creates onchain tokens designed to track stocks and ETFs, backed 1:1 by the underlying assets held with custodians.
- [Backtest](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/backtest): Backtest trading is the process of applying a trading strategy to historical market data to estimate how it would have performed before risking real capital.
- [Bail-Out](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/bail-out): A bail-out is government or central bank financial support for a failing institution to prevent wider economic damage and systemic risk.
- [Bank Run](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/bank-run): A bank run is a rapid, widespread withdrawal of deposits driven by fear a bank cannot repay everyone, potentially causing the bank to fail.
- [Basis Blowout](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/basis-blowout): A basis blowout is a sudden, extreme widening of the gap between a derivative’s price and the spot price, often driven by leverage, funding, and forced…
- [Basis Crypto](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/basis-crypto): Basis crypto is the price difference between a crypto futures contract and the underlying spot price (or index) for the same asset.
- [Bid and Ask](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/bid-ask-price): Bid and ask are the highest price buyers offer and the lowest price sellers accept, and the gap between them is the bid-ask spread.
- [Binance Off Exchange Collateral](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/binance-off-exchange-collateral): Binance off-exchange collateral allows institutional traders to use tokenized real-world assets, such as money market fund shares, as collateral for trading on…
- [Binary Contract](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/binary-contract): A binary contract is a prediction market contract that pays a fixed amount if a specific outcome happens and pays nothing if it doesn’t.
- [Bitcoin Dominance](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/bitcoin-dominance): Bitcoin dominance is the percentage of the total crypto market capitalization represented by Bitcoin’s market cap.
- [Bitcoin Halving](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/bitcoin-halving): Bitcoin halving is a scheduled Bitcoin protocol event that cuts the block reward in half, slowing new BTC issuance about every four years.
- [Bitcoin Treasury](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/bitcoin-treasury): A bitcoin treasury is a strategy where an organisation holds Bitcoin as a reserve asset on its balance sheet to manage liquidity and long-term capital.
- [Blind Signing](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/blind-signing): Blind signing is approving a crypto transaction or smart contract message when your wallet can’t show human-readable details of what you’re signing.
- [Blockchain Explorer](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/blockchain-explorer): A blockchain explorer is a search and analytics tool that lets anyone view blocks, transactions, addresses, and smart contract activity on a blockchain.
- [Blocked Address](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/blocked-address): Blocked address tokenization is a compliance pattern where tokens are programmed to restrict transfers to or from sanctioned or blocked wallet addresses.
- [Bonding Curve](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/bonding-curve): A bonding curve is a smart-contract pricing formula that sets a token’s buy and sell price based on its current supply, enabling continuous issuance and redemption.
- [Breakout](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/breakout): Breakout trading is a strategy that enters when price moves decisively above resistance or below support, aiming to ride a new directional trend.
- [Buidl](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/buidl): BUIDL BlackRock refers to BlackRock’s tokenized money market fund whose shares are represented on a blockchain to provide digital, on-chain access to U.S.…
- [Builder Codes](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/builder-codes): Builder codes on Polymarket are public bytes32 identifiers that tag orders sent via an app so trades can be attributed to a specific builder profile.
- [Bull Market](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/bull-market): A bull market is a sustained period of rising asset prices, typically driven by strong demand, improving sentiment, and increasing participation.
- [Bull Run](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/bull-run): A bull run is a sustained period of rising crypto prices, typically driven by strong demand, high trading activity, and broadly optimistic market sentiment.
- [Bullish](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/bullish): Bullish means expecting a crypto asset or the broader market to rise in price, often reflected in optimistic sentiment and increased buying pressure.
- [Buy Wall](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/buy-wall-crypto-sell-walls): A buy wall is a large cluster of buy orders at a specific price that can act as support by absorbing selling pressure in a crypto market.
- [Candlestick](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/candlestick): A candlestick is a chart bar that shows an asset’s open, high, low, and close prices for a set time period, helping traders read momentum and sentiment.
- [Capitulation](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/capitulation): Capitulation is a market phase where investors panic-sell en masse after a sustained decline, often marking the peak of fear and heavy volume.
- [Cftc Event Contracts](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/cftc-event-contracts): CFTC event contracts are regulated derivatives that pay out based on whether a defined real-world event happens, overseen under the Commodity Exchange Act.
- [Clob](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/clob): A CLOB in prediction markets is an order book where traders post limit buy and sell orders for outcome shares and trades execute when prices match.
- [Cold Storage](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/cold-storage): Cold storage is a way to secure crypto by keeping the wallet’s private keys offline, reducing exposure to online hacks and malware.
- [Cold Wallet](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/cold-wallet): A cold wallet is a crypto wallet that keeps private keys offline to reduce the risk of hacking and online theft.
- [Collateral](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/collateral): Collateral is an asset pledged to secure a loan, giving the lender a way to recover funds if the borrower fails to repay.
- [Collateralization](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/collateralization): Collateralization is the practice of securing a loan or issued tokens with assets that can be seized or sold if obligations aren’t met.
- [Composability](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/defi-composability): Composability is the ability for DeFi apps to plug into each other like building blocks, so users can combine protocols to create new financial products.
- [Conditional Token Framework](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/conditional-token-framework): The Conditional Token Framework is a Gnosis smart contract system that turns event outcomes into ERC-1155 tokens redeemable for collateral after an oracle…
- [Confluence](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/confluence): Confluence is when multiple independent trading signals align to support the same market idea, increasing confidence in a potential entry, exit, or price level.
- [Contango](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/contango): Contango is a market condition where futures prices trade above the current spot price, creating an upward-sloping futures curve.
- [Copy Trading](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/copy-trading): Copy trading is an automated strategy where your account replicates another trader’s buy and sell orders in real time based on rules you set.
- [Counterparty Risk](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/counterparty-risk): Counterparty risk is the chance that the other party in a financial transaction fails to meet its obligations, causing you a loss.
- [Cross-Chain Bridge (Crypto)](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/cross-chain-bridge-crypto): A cross-chain bridge in crypto is a protocol that moves tokens or messages between blockchains by locking, burning, or swapping assets across networks.
- [Cryptocurrency](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/cryptocurrency): A cryptocurrency is a digital currency secured by cryptography and run on decentralized networks, enabling peer-to-peer payments without a central bank.
- [Custodial](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/custodial): Custodial means a third party holds and controls your crypto assets or private keys on your behalf, typically through an exchange, broker, or wallet provider.
- [Custodial Backing](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/custodial-backing): Custodial backing is when a token’s value is supported by reserves held and safeguarded by a third-party custodian on behalf of token holders.
- [DAO](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/dao-crypto): A DAO (decentralized autonomous organization) is a blockchain-based group that uses smart contracts and member voting to manage funds and make decisions without…
- [DEX Aggregators](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/dex-aggregators): DEX aggregators are DeFi tools that route a swap across multiple decentralized exchanges to find the best price and lowest slippage in one transaction.
- [DVN](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/dvn-decentralized-verifier-network): A DVN (Decentralized Verifier Network) is an independent verifier that attests a cross-chain message is valid before it is executed on the destination chain.
- [Dai](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/dai): Dai (DAI) is a decentralized stablecoin designed to track the US dollar, created by locking crypto collateral in the Maker protocol on Ethereum.
- [Day Trading](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/day-trading): Day trading is a strategy of buying and selling an asset within the same day to profit from short-term price movements.
- [Dca Bot](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/dca-bot): A DCA bot is an automated crypto tool that buys or sells an asset in scheduled or rule-based increments to average the entry price over time.
- [DeFi Contagion](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/defi-contagion-risk): DeFi contagion is the cascading spread of losses or failures from one DeFi protocol to others through shared assets, smart contracts, and liquidity links.
- [Decentralization](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/decentralization): Decentralization is the distribution of control across many independent participants so no single party can unilaterally change, block, or own the system.
- [Decentralized Application](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/decentralized-application): A decentralized application (DApp) is software that runs on a blockchain or peer-to-peer network, using smart contracts so no single party controls it.
- [Decentralized Exchange (DEX)](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/Decentralized-Crypto-Exchange-dex): A decentralized exchange (DEX) is a crypto trading platform that lets users swap tokens directly from their wallets using smart contracts, without a central intermediary.
- [Decentralized Identity](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/decentralized-identity): Decentralized identity is a model where people and organizations control digital identifiers and credentials using cryptography instead of a central authority.
- [Defai](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/defai): DeFAI is the use of AI-driven agents to automate decisions and transactions across decentralized finance protocols using onchain execution.
- [Depeg](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/depeg-crypto): A depeg is when a token designed to track a reference price (like $1) trades meaningfully above or below that target.
- [Depeg](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/depeg): A depeg is when an asset designed to track a fixed reference price trades meaningfully above or below that target value.
- [Derivatives](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/derivatives): Derivatives are financial contracts whose value is based on an underlying asset—like Bitcoin or Ethereum—used to hedge risk or speculate without owning the asset.
- [Designated Contract Market](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/designated-contract-market): A designated contract market (DCM) is a CFTC-regulated exchange where standardized futures and options (and some swaps) can be traded, including by retail…
- [Digital Asset](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/digital-asset): A digital asset is any item of value or content that exists digitally and can be owned, transferred, and verified—often using cryptography and blockchains.
- [Digital Currency](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/digital-currency): Digital currency is money that exists electronically and can be stored, transferred, and recorded on digital networks rather than as physical cash.
- [Digital Twin](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/digital-twin): A digital twin is a data-synced virtual model of a real-world object or system used to monitor, simulate, and optimize its real counterpart.
- [Distributed Ledger](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/distributed-ledger): A distributed ledger is a shared database replicated across many computers, where updates are agreed by consensus rather than a central administrator.
- [Divergence](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/divergence): Divergence trading is a chart-reading method that spots potential trend shifts when price and a momentum indicator move in opposite directions.
- [Doji Candlestick](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/doji-candlestick): A doji candlestick is a chart pattern where the open and close are nearly equal, signalling market indecision and a possible trend reversal.
- [Drawdown](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/drawdown): Drawdown is the percentage drop from an account’s peak value to a subsequent low before a new peak is reached.
- [Dydx](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/dydx): DYdX is a decentralised perpetual futures exchange and protocol that enables non-custodial trading using an order book and on-chain settlement.
- [E Money Token](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/e-money-token): An e-money token (EMT) is a crypto-asset designed to keep a stable value by referencing a single official currency and redeemable at par value.
- [ERC-20](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/erc-20): ERC-20 is the standard set of rules that makes Ethereum-based tokens work consistently across wallets, exchanges, and smart contracts.
- [Edge Nodes](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/edge-nodes): Edge nodes are distributed computers that process and relay data close to users, reducing latency and improving performance for decentralized networks and apps.
- [Eip 7702](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/eip-7702): EIP-7702 is an Ethereum proposal that lets an EOA permanently attach executable code by delegating to a smart contract, enabling wallet-like features without…
- [Engulfing Candle](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/engulfing-candle): An engulfing candle is a two-candle pattern where the second candle’s real body fully covers the prior candle’s body, hinting at a momentum shift.
- [Erc 1400](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/erc-1400): ERC-1400 is an Ethereum token standard for issuing and managing compliant security tokens with built-in transfer restrictions, partitions, and on-chain document…
- [Erc 3643](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/erc-3643): ERC-3643 is an Ethereum token standard for issuing permissioned security tokens with on-chain identity checks and programmable compliance rules.
- [Erc 4337](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/erc-4337): ERC-4337 is an Ethereum standard that enables account abstraction by letting smart contract wallets submit UserOperations via bundlers and an EntryPoint…
- [Erc 8004](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/erc-8004): ERC-8004 is an Ethereum standard for registering AI agents on-chain and attaching reputation and validation signals so users can discover and trust them without…
- [Ethereum Virtual Machine](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/ethereum-virtual-machine): The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is the runtime environment that executes smart contract code and updates Ethereum’s blockchain state deterministically.
- [Etp](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/etp): An ETP is an exchange-listed security that tracks an asset or benchmark and can be bought and sold intraday like a stock.
- [Event Contract](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/event-contract): An event contract is a yes/no derivative that settles at a fixed value based on whether a clearly defined real-world event occurs by a specified time.
- [Exit Scam](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/exit-scam): An exit scam is a crypto fraud where a project’s operators abruptly disappear or shut down after collecting user funds, leaving investors unable to recover assets.
- [Expense Ratio](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/expense-ratio): An expense ratio is the annual percentage of a fund’s assets used to pay ongoing operating costs, which reduces investors’ returns over time.
- [Fakeout](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/fakeout): A fakeout is a price move that appears to confirm a breakout but quickly reverses, trapping traders who entered in the wrong direction.
- [Falling Knife](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/falling-knife): A falling knife is a rapid, steep price drop in an asset that can punish buyers who enter too early before the decline stabilizes.
- [Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/fear-of-missing-out): Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) is the anxiety that you’ll miss a profitable move, pushing you to buy or sell impulsively based on hype rather than a plan.
- [Fiat](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/fiat): Fiat currency is government-issued money that isn’t backed by a commodity like gold and holds value because it is legal tender and widely trusted.
- [Flow Data](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/flow-data): Flow data is the measurement of money moving into and out of an asset, fund, or market over a given period, often reported as net inflows or outflows.
- [Fractional Ownership](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/fractional-ownership): Fractional ownership allows multiple individuals to collectively own a portion of a high-value asset, making exclusive investments more accessible and liquid.
- [Fractional Real Estate](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/fractional-real-estate): Fractional real estate is a way to invest in a property by buying a small share of it, earning proportional income and potential appreciation.
- [Funding Payments](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/funding-payments): Funding payments are periodic transfers between traders in perpetual futures that keep the contract price close to the spot market price.
- [Futures](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/futures-contract): Futures are standardized contracts to buy or sell an asset at a set price on a future date, widely used to hedge risk or speculate on price moves.
- [Futures Etf](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/futures-etf): A futures ETF is an exchange-traded fund that gains exposure to an asset by holding futures contracts rather than owning the asset directly.
- [Gas](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/gas): Gas is a unit that measures the computational work needed to process blockchain transactions and smart contracts, determining fees and transaction priority.
- [Generic Listing Standards](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/generic-listing-standards): Generic listing standards are pre-approved exchange rules that let certain commodity-based ETPs list without a separate SEC rule filing for each product.
- [Genesis Block](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/genesis-block): A genesis block is the first block in a blockchain, hard-coded as the chain’s starting point and used to anchor all later blocks.
- [Genius Act](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/genius-act): The GENIUS Act is proposed U.S. legislation that sets federal rules for issuing and overseeing payment stablecoins backed by high-quality reserves.
- [Gm Pools](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/gm-pools): GM pools on GMX are market-specific liquidity pools that back swaps and perpetual trades, letting LPs earn fees while taking trader PnL risk for that market.
- [Gmx](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/gmx): GMX is a decentralized exchange for spot swaps and perpetual futures that uses oracle-based pricing and on-chain liquidity pools instead of an order book.
- [Gmx Glp](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/gmx-glp): GMX GLP is the legacy liquidity provider token on GMX V1 that represented a basket of assets in the protocol’s liquidity vault and earned a share of trading…
- [Governance Token](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/governance-token): A governance token is a crypto asset that gives holders voting power to propose and decide changes to a DAO or blockchain protocol.
- [Governance proposal](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/governance-proposal): A governance proposal is a formal request for a DAO or protocol community to vote on a specific change, action, or funding decision.
- [Gray Swan Event](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/gray-swan-event): A gray swan event is a high-impact market shock that is plausible and discussed in advance, but widely treated as unlikely until it happens.
- [Grid Bot](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/grid-bot): A grid bot is an automated trading bot that places staggered buy and sell orders across a preset price range to profit from repeated price swings.
- [Gwei](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/gwei): Gwei is a small unit of Ether used on Ethereum to quote gas prices and calculate transaction fees for sending ETH or running smart contracts.
- [HODL](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/hodl): HODL is a crypto slang term meaning to hold a cryptocurrency long term and avoid selling during short-term volatility.
- [Hammer Candle](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/hammer-candle): A hammer candle is a bullish candlestick that often appears after a decline, with a small body near the top and a long lower wick showing rejection of lower…
- [Hardware Wallet](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/hardware-wallet): A hardware wallet is a physical device that keeps your crypto private keys offline and signs transactions securely so funds can’t be spent without your…
- [Hedge Fund](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/hedge-fund): A hedge fund is a privately managed investment pool that uses flexible strategies—often including short selling, derivatives, and leverage—to target returns for accredited investors.
- [Honeybricks](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/honeybricks): HoneyBricks is a real estate investing platform that offers fractional access to private multifamily deals and has explored tokenization to improve ownership…
- [Hot Wallet](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/hot-wallet): A hot wallet is a crypto wallet connected to the internet that makes sending, receiving, and trading digital assets fast but less secure than offline storage.
- [Hyperliquid](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/hyperliquid): Hyperliquid is a high-performance Layer-1 blockchain and on-chain perpetuals exchange built for fast, transparent order-book trading and self-custody.
- [Hyperliquid Hlp](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/hyperliquid-hlp): Hyperliquid HLP is a protocol-managed liquidity vault on Hyperliquid that market-makes, backstops liquidations, and shares its trading PnL with depositors.
- [Ibit](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/ibit): IBIT is the ticker symbol for the iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF, a spot Bitcoin ETF that aims to track bitcoin’s price before fees and expenses.
- [Identity Attestation](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/identity-attestation): Identity attestation is a cryptographic proof that a specific identity attribute is true, issued by a trusted party and verifiable by others.
- [Impermanent Loss](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/impermanent-loss): Impermanent loss is the value gap between holding tokens and providing them to an AMM liquidity pool after their prices move relative to each other.
- [Implied Probability](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/implied-probability): Implied probability in prediction markets is the likelihood of an outcome inferred from the current contract price, usually read as price in dollars or cents.
- [Index Price](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/index-price): Index price is a reference price built from external market data that derivatives exchanges use to estimate an asset’s fair spot value.
- [Initial Margin](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/initial-margin): Initial margin is the upfront collateral you must post to open a leveraged position, acting as a buffer against potential losses.
- [Instant Execution Model](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/instant-execution-model): An instant execution model is an order-filling method that executes a trade only at the quoted price, otherwise returning a requote for confirmation.
- [Insurance Fund](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/insurance-fund): An insurance fund in crypto is a reserve used by an exchange or protocol to cover losses from liquidations or other shortfalls so traders can be paid out.
- [Intent Based Execution](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/intent-based-execution): Intent-based execution is a transaction model where users sign a desired outcome and third parties compete to execute it onchain under those constraints.
- [Inventory Model](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/inventory-model): Inventory model tokenization is the on-chain issuance of tokens whose supply and redemption are governed by verifiable inventory levels of an underlying asset.
- [Jlp](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/jlp): JLP (Jupiter) is a liquidity provider token that represents a share of Jupiter’s multi-asset pool that backs Jupiter Perps trades on Solana.
- [Lead Trader](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/lead-trader): A lead trader is a trader whose positions are published on a platform so other users can automatically replicate them, usually in exchange for a share of…
- [Limit Order](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/limit-order): A limit order is an instruction to buy or sell an asset only at a specified price or better, prioritising price control over guaranteed execution.
- [Liquidation](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/defi-liquidation): Liquidation is the automatic closing of a DeFi loan or leveraged position when its collateral value falls below the protocol’s required threshold.
- [Liquidation Cascade](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/liquidation-cascade): A liquidation cascade is a chain reaction where forced position closures push prices further, triggering more liquidations and accelerating a market move.
- [Liquidation Price](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/liquidation-price): Liquidation price is the market price at which a leveraged crypto position is automatically closed because collateral falls below the maintenance margin.
- [Liquidity Pool](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/liquidity-pool): A liquidity pool is a smart contract that holds token reserves so users can trade or borrow against them on DeFi apps without an order book.
- [Lmsr](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/lmsr): An LMSR market maker is an automated pricing algorithm for prediction markets that always offers quotes and adjusts prices using a logarithmic cost function.
- [Lofty](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/lofty): Lofty Real Estate is a tokenized real estate platform that lets investors buy fractional ownership in U.S. rental properties and earn a share of rental income.
- [Macd](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/macd): The MACD indicator is a momentum tool that compares two exponential moving averages to show trend direction, strength, and potential reversals.
- [Machine to Machine Payment](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/machine-to-machine-payment): A machine-to-machine payment is an automated transaction where one device pays another device or service without a human initiating each payment.
- [Maintenance Margin](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/maintenance-margin): Maintenance margin is the minimum collateral you must keep in a leveraged position to avoid a margin call or liquidation.
- [Mark Price](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/mark-price): Mark price is an exchange’s fair-value estimate used to calculate unrealized PnL and trigger liquidations, reducing the impact of short-term price spikes.
- [Market Order](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/market-order): A market order is an instruction to buy or sell an asset immediately at the best available price in the order book.
- [Max Drawdown](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/max-drawdown): Max drawdown is the largest peak-to-trough percentage loss of an asset or strategy over a chosen period before a new high is reached.
- [Mica Regulation](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/mica-regulation): MiCA regulation is the EU’s unified rulebook for issuing, offering, and providing services for crypto-assets, including stablecoins, across member states.
- [Mica Tokenization](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/mica-tokenization): MiCA tokenization is the structuring and issuing of tokenized assets in the EU to align with the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation’s rules for crypto-asset…
- [Mirror Trading](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/mirror-trading): Mirror trading is an automated strategy where your account replicates another trader’s or model’s trades in near real time based on predefined rules.
- [Moving Average](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/moving-average): A moving average is a chart indicator that smooths price data by averaging it over a set number of periods to help identify the underlying trend.
- [Mpc](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/mpc): Multi-party computation is a cryptographic method that lets multiple parties compute a result together without revealing their private inputs to each other.
- [Multisig](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/multisig): Multisig is a crypto authorization method where a transaction needs approvals from multiple keys before funds can be moved.
- [Nav Premium](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/nav-premium): NAV premium is the amount a fund’s market price trades above its net asset value per share, usually expressed as a percentage.
- [Non Custodial](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/non-custodial): Non-custodial trading is crypto trading where you keep control of your private keys and funds while orders are executed via smart contracts or secure protocols.
- [Non Custodial Wallet](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/non-custodial-wallet): A non-custodial wallet is a crypto wallet where you control the private key, so only you can authorize transactions and access the funds.
- [Non-Fungible Token (NFT)](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/what-is-an-nft-non-fungible-token-2026): A non-fungible token (NFT) is a unique blockchain token that proves ownership or authenticity of a specific digital or real-world item.
- [Oco Order](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/oco-order): An OCO order is a paired order where filling one order automatically cancels the other, helping traders automate exits or entries around key prices.
- [Onchainid](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/onchainid): ONCHAINID is an open-source framework and standard for creating and managing decentralized digital identities on blockchain networks, facilitating regulatory…
- [Ondo Perps](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/ondo-perps): Ondo Perps is a perpetual futures platform that lets eligible users trade 24/7 leveraged contracts on tokenized U.S. stocks, ETFs, and other real-world assets.
- [Open Interest](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/open-interest): Open interest is the total number of outstanding derivative contracts that remain open, showing how many positions are active in a market.
- [Oracle](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/defi-oracle): In crypto, an oracle is a service that delivers off-chain data (like asset prices) to smart contracts so they can execute based on real-world information.
- [Over Collateralization](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/over-collateralization): Over-collateralization is when a loan or stablecoin is backed by collateral worth more than the debt, creating a safety buffer against price drops.
- [Overcollateralization](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/overcollateralization): Overcollateralization is when a borrower locks up collateral worth more than the amount they borrow to protect lenders from price swings and defaults.
- [Paper Trading](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/paper-trading): Paper trading is practicing trades with simulated money and real market data to test strategies and learn execution without financial risk.
- [Payment Stablecoin](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/payment-stablecoin): A payment stablecoin is a digital token designed for payments that is redeemable for a fixed amount of fiat currency, typically backed by high-quality reserves.
- [Permissioned Token](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/permissioned-token): A permissioned token is a blockchain token whose transfers or ownership are restricted by on-chain rules so only approved wallets can hold or move it.
- [Permit2](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/permit2): Permit2 is a Uniswap-built smart contract that lets users grant and use ERC-20 token approvals via signatures with expirations and safer, more flexible…
- [Perp Dex](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/perp-dex): A perp DEX is a decentralized exchange that lets users trade perpetual futures with onchain collateral, automated funding payments, and transparent rules.
- [Perpetual Futures](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/perpetual-futures): Perpetual futures are crypto derivatives that track an asset’s price without an expiry date, using funding payments to keep prices near spot.
- [Polymarket](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/polymarket): Polymarket is a crypto prediction market where users trade outcome shares on real-world events, with payouts determined by an oracle-based resolution process.
- [Position Size](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/position-size): Position size in crypto is the amount of a coin or contract you trade so your maximum loss stays within a predefined risk limit.
- [Prediction Market Liquidity](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/prediction-market-liquidity): Prediction market liquidity is how easily traders can buy or sell outcome shares near the current price without causing large price moves.
- [Primary Issuance](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/primary-issuance): Primary issuance is the first sale of newly created securities or tokens, where proceeds go to the issuer rather than to another investor.
- [Private Key](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/private-key): A private key is a secret cryptographic number that lets you prove ownership and sign transactions to spend crypto from a wallet.
- [Proof of Reserves](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/proof-of-reserves): Proof of reserves is a verification method that shows a crypto platform holds enough assets to cover customer balances at a specific point in time.
- [Property Spv](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/property-spv): A property SPV is a separate legal entity created to own or finance a specific real estate asset, isolating its risks and cash flows from other activities.
- [Proposal Bond](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/proposal-bond): The Polymarket proposal bond is collateral a proposer posts to submit a market outcome to the UMA Optimistic Oracle, refunded if correct and forfeited if wrong.
- [Protocol-owned liquidity](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/protocol-owned-liquidity): Protocol-owned liquidity (POL) is liquidity in a DEX market that is owned and controlled by the protocol itself rather than rented from external liquidity…
- [Proxy Wallet](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/proxy-wallet): A proxy wallet on Polymarket is a smart contract wallet that acts on your behalf so you can trade and manage positions with simpler, often gas-sponsored…
- [Qcex](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/qcex): QCEX is a CFTC-regulated U.S. derivatives exchange and clearing setup that Polymarket bought to operate compliant prediction markets for U.S. users.
- [Qualified Custodian](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/qualified-custodian): A qualified custodian is a regulated financial institution permitted under securities laws to hold client assets on behalf of an investment adviser.
- [R Multiple](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/r-multiple): An R-multiple measures a trade’s profit or loss as a multiple of the initial risk (1R) defined by your entry and stop loss.
- [Real World Asset](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/real-world-asset): A real world asset is a tangible or legally enforceable off-chain asset that can be represented on a blockchain to enable digital ownership, transfer, or…
- [Real-World Asset Tokenization (RWA)](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/what-is-real-world-asset-tokenization-rwa): Real-world asset (RWA) tokenization is the process of issuing blockchain tokens that represent legal rights to off-chain assets like bonds, real estate, or commodities.
- [Realt](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/realt): RealT is a platform that enables fractional, tokenized ownership of U.S. real estate properties, allowing investors worldwide to buy shares of income-generating…
- [Recovery Phrase Backup](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/recovery-phrase-backup): A recovery phrase backup is a secure, offline copy of your wallet’s recovery words that lets you restore access to your crypto if your device is lost or…
- [Reg D](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/reg-d): A Reg D offering is a private securities sale that uses SEC Regulation D exemptions to raise capital without a full public registration.
- [Reg a Plus](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/reg-a-plus): A Reg A+ offering is a SEC-qualified public securities offering exemption that lets companies raise up to $75M in 12 months with lighter requirements than a…
- [Restaking (EigenLayer)](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/what-is-restaking-crypto-eigenlayer-defined): Restaking is the reuse of staked ETH (or liquid staking tokens) to secure additional Ethereum-based services via EigenLayer, in exchange for extra rewards and risks.
- [Reversal Pattern](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/reversal-pattern): A reversal pattern is a chart formation that suggests a prevailing trend may be ending and price could start moving in the opposite direction.
- [Revoke Approval](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/revoke-approval): Revoke approval is the act of cancelling a wallet’s previously granted permission for a contract or address to spend your tokens or move your NFTs.
- [RsETH](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/rseth-liquid-restaking-token): RsETH is a liquid restaking token that represents restaked ETH (or ETH staking derivatives) and can be used in DeFi while earning staking and restaking rewards.
- [Rsi](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/rsi): RSI crypto refers to using the Relative Strength Index to measure a cryptocurrency’s momentum and spot potential overbought or oversold conditions.
- [Scalar Market](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/scalar-market): A scalar market is a prediction market where the payout depends on a numeric outcome within a defined range, not a simple yes-or-no result.
- [Sec Innovation Exemption](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/sec-innovation-exemption): The SEC innovation exemption is a proposed safe-harbor-style pathway that lets firms pilot tokenized securities under tailored conditions without full…
- [Secondary Trading](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/secondary-trading): Secondary trading tokenization converts existing, often illiquid, assets or securities into digital tokens on a blockchain to facilitate their resale and…
- [Secure Element](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/secure-element): A secure element is a tamper-resistant chip that stores cryptographic keys and performs sensitive operations in an isolated, hardened environment.
- [Securitize](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/securitize): Securitize tokenization is the process of issuing and managing regulated real-world asset securities as blockchain tokens using Securitize’s compliant…
- [Seed Phrase](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/seed-phrase): A seed phrase is a list of words that can restore a crypto wallet by regenerating the private keys that control its funds.
- [Self Custody](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/self-custody): Self-custody is holding crypto in a wallet where you control the private keys, so only you can authorize transactions and access funds.
- [Sharpe Ratio](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/sharpe-ratio): The Sharpe ratio measures an investment’s excess return over a risk-free rate per unit of volatility, showing risk-adjusted performance.
- [Signal Bot](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/signal-bot): A signal bot is software that turns trading alerts into automatic buy and sell orders on a connected crypto exchange using predefined execution rules.
- [Significant Stablecoin](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/significant-stablecoin): A significant stablecoin is a MiCA-classified stablecoin whose scale triggers stricter EU requirements and direct supervision by the European Banking Authority.
- [Slashing](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/slashing-crypto-staking): Slashing is an automatic penalty in proof-of-stake networks that cuts a validator’s staked collateral for rule-breaking or serious unreliability.
- [Slippage](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/slippage-crypto): Slippage is the difference between the price you expect for a trade and the price you actually get when the order executes.
- [Smart Contract](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/what-is-a-smart-contract-simply-explained): A smart contract is a program on a blockchain that automatically carries out an agreement when its preset conditions are met.
- [Social Recovery](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/social-recovery): Social recovery is a crypto wallet recovery method where trusted guardians can help you regain access if you lose your keys or device.
- [Social Trading](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/social-trading): Social trading crypto is a way to trade digital assets by following, discussing, and sometimes automatically copying other traders’ strategies.
- [Socialized Losses](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/socialized-losses): Socialized losses are exchange-level losses from failed liquidations that are redistributed to other traders, reducing their profits or balances.
- [Sortino Ratio](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/sortino-ratio): The Sortino ratio measures risk-adjusted return by dividing excess return by downside volatility, focusing only on harmful moves below a target return.
- [Spot Etf](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/spot-etf): A spot ETF is an exchange-traded fund that holds an underlying asset directly to track its real-time market price, rather than using derivatives.
- [Spv](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/spv): An SPV special purpose vehicle is a separate legal entity created to hold specific assets or liabilities and isolate risk from a parent company or investors.
- [Stablecoin](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/stablecoin): A stablecoin is a type of cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value, typically pegged to a fiat currency like the US dollar, to mitigate the price…
- [Stablecoin Redemption](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/stablecoin-redemption): Redemption is the process of exchanging a crypto token—most often a stablecoin—for its underlying asset, typically fiat currency, at an agreed rate.
- [Stablecoin Reserves](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/stablecoin-reserves): Reserves are assets held in custody to cover an issuer’s liabilities, such as ensuring a stablecoin can be redeemed for its stated value.
- [Staking Etf](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/staking-etf): A staking ETF is an exchange-traded fund or product that holds proof-of-stake crypto and earns staking rewards, passing the net benefit to shareholders.
- [Stop Loss Order](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/stop-loss-order): A stop-loss order is an instruction to sell or buy an asset once it hits a set stop price, helping limit losses by triggering an automatic trade.
- [Superstate](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/superstate): Superstate is a platform for issuing and managing SEC-compliant tokenized securities, such as fund shares and tokenized equity, on public blockchains.
- [Syrupusdc](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/syrupusdc): SyrupUSDC Maple is a yield-bearing token from Maple Finance that represents USDC deposited into Maple’s onchain lending strategies and accrues yield over time.
- [T Rex Standard](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/t-rex-standard): The T-REX token standard is an Ethereum security-token framework that embeds identity and compliance checks into every transfer of a permissioned token.
- [Taker Maker](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/taker-maker): Taker and maker fees are exchange trading charges based on whether your order removes liquidity from the order book (taker) or adds it (maker).
- [Token Approval](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/token-approval): Token approval is a wallet permission that lets a smart contract spend a specified amount of your tokens on your behalf.
- [Tokenization](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/tokenization): Tokenization is the process of representing an asset or right as a blockchain token that can be issued, held, and transferred digitally.
- [Tokenized Equity](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/tokenized-equity): Tokenized equity is equity ownership or equity-like exposure represented by blockchain tokens that can be issued, held, and transferred under defined legal and…
- [Tokenized Real Estate Asset](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/tokenized-real-estate-asset): Tokenized real estate is the representation of ownership or economic rights in a property as blockchain-based tokens that can be bought, held, and transferred.
- [Tokenized Treasury](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/tokenized-treasury): A tokenized treasury is a blockchain token that represents a regulated claim on U.S. Treasury exposure, such as a T-bill or a Treasury-backed fund share.
- [Tokenomics (Crypto Investment)](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/what-is-tokenomics-in-crypto-investment): Tokenomics is the study of a crypto token’s supply, distribution, utility, and incentives to judge whether its value can grow sustainably over time.
- [Total Value Locked](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/total-value-locked-tvl): Total value locked (TVL) is the total USD value of crypto assets deposited in a DeFi protocol’s smart contracts at a given time.
- [Tracker Certificate](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/tracker-certificate): A tracker certificate is an exchange-traded structured product that mirrors the performance of an underlying asset or index without giving you direct ownership.
- [Tracking Error](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/tracking-error): Tracking error is the amount an investment’s returns deviate from its benchmark over time, usually measured as the volatility of that difference.
- [Trading Bot](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/trading-bot): A trading bot is software that automatically places buy and sell orders based on predefined rules, signals, and risk settings.
- [Trailing Stop](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/trailing-stop): A trailing stop is a stop order that automatically moves with price to lock in gains and limit losses by triggering when the market reverses by a set amount.
- [Transfer Agent](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/transfer-agent): Transfer agent crypto is the use of transfer-agent functions to record, verify, and update ownership of tokenized securities on a blockchain in a compliant way.
- [Transfer Restriction](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/transfer-restriction): Transfer restriction tokenization is the design of tokenized assets so tokens can only move when predefined compliance and ownership rules are satisfied.
- [Treasury Premium](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/treasury-premium): Treasury premium is the amount a digital asset treasury company’s market value trades above the value of its underlying crypto holdings.
- [Twap Order](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/twap-order): A TWAP order is an algorithmic order that splits a large trade into smaller slices executed over a set time window to target the time-weighted average price.
- [Uma Optimistic Oracle](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/uma-optimistic-oracle): The UMA Optimistic Oracle is an onchain system that verifies real-world facts by accepting a proposed answer unless someone disputes it within a set window.
- [Utility Token](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/utility-token): A utility token is a crypto token that provides access to a product, service, or feature in a blockchain-based network rather than ownership or equity.
- [Validator Node](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/what-is-a-validator-node-in-crypto): A validator node is a blockchain server that stakes crypto and helps secure the network by verifying transactions and proposing or voting on new blocks.
- [Vesting](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/token-vesting): Vesting is a schedule that releases ownership or access to tokens over time or after milestones, rather than all at once.
- [Volatility](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/volatility): Volatility crypto is the degree to which a cryptocurrency’s price rises and falls over a given period, often measured as the size and frequency of returns.
- [Volume Profile](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/volume-profile): Volume profile is a charting tool that shows how much trading volume occurred at each price level over a chosen period.
- [Wallet Drainer](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/wallet-drainer): A wallet drainer is a crypto scam tool that tricks you into approving or signing transactions that let attackers transfer assets out of your wallet.
- [Whitelist Token](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/whitelist-token): A whitelist token is a crypto asset that can only be bought, received, or transferred by pre-approved wallet addresses.
- [Wick](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/wick): A wick chart is a candlestick-style price chart that emphasizes candle wicks to show an asset’s intraperiod highs and lows beyond the open and close.
- [Withdrawal Permission](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/withdrawal-permission): Withdrawal permission is an API access setting that allows a key to move funds out of an exchange account to an external address.
- [X402](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/x402): X402 is an HTTP-native payments standard that uses HTTP 402 responses to request and verify programmatic payments for online resources.
- [Xstocks](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/xstocks): XStocks are 1:1 asset-backed tokens that track the price of specific equities or ETFs, giving onchain exposure without shareholder rights.
- [Yield](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/crypto-yield): Yield is the income or rewards you earn from holding or deploying an asset, usually expressed as a percentage over a set period.
- [Zero Value Transfer](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/zero-value-transfer): A zero-value transfer is an on-chain token transfer of 0 units, often used to plant a lookalike address in your transaction history for phishing.
- [Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP)](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/glossary/what-is-a-zero-knowledge-proof-zkp-simply-explained): A zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) is a cryptographic method that proves a statement is true without revealing the underlying secret data.

## Articles

- [Coinkite says AI missed bug behind $130M Coldcard wallet drain](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/coinkite-says-ai-missed-bug-behind-130m-coldcard-wallet-drain): The hardware-wallet maker urged immediate reviews of AI monitoring on security-critical code after wallets were drained late last week.
- [Bitget signs exploratory agreement to pursue a licensed foothold in Bhutan’s Gelephu](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/bitget-signs-exploratory-agreement-to-pursue-a-licensed-foothold-in-bhutans-gelephu): The deal is framed as a step toward a local legal presence and a future license application, not an authorization to operate.
- [Wintermute says Wintermute USA registered as an SEC/FINRA broker-dealer](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/wintermute-says-wintermute-usa-registered-as-an-secfinra-broker-dealer): The firm says the US affiliate can trade stocks and options and act as an ETP authorized participant tied to digital assets.
- [SPCX jumps after Bernstein lifts SpaceX price target to $248](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/spcx-jumps-after-bernstein-lifts-spacex-price-target-to-248): The move reinforces SPCX’s role as a public-market proxy for private SpaceX valuation sentiment.
- [Tether Expands Hadron Into Saudi Arabia to Tokenize Institutional Real Estate](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/tether-expands-hadron-into-saudi-arabia-to-tokenize-institutional-real-estate): First Data will issue and operate the market, while BKN301 connects banking and compliance rails.
- [Meta previews Muse Code coding agent with a 10x-cheaper opt-in tier](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/meta-previews-muse-code-coding-agent-with-a-10x-cheaper-opt-in-tier): Muse Code pairs with Muse Spark 1.2 and leans on token pricing to compete with OpenAI and Anthropic.
- [MiCA’s grace period ends with no extensions, forcing EU crypto firms to authorize or exit](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/micas-grace-period-ends-with-no-extensions-forcing-eu-crypto-firms-to-authorize-or-exit): U.S. rules remain fragmented, but SEC and CFTC joint guidance in 2025–2026 hints at a more unified compliance path.
- [Step App sets Aug. 21, 2026 shutdown and tells users to unstake locked tokens](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/step-app-sets-aug-21-2026-shutdown-and-tells-users-to-unstake-locked-tokens): FITFI traded at $0.0001624, down 99.9% from its May 2022 peak of about $0.73, per CoinGecko data.
- [White House draws a line on AI distillation as OpenAI and Anthropic accuse Chinese labs](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/white-house-draws-a-line-on-ai-distillation-as-openai-and-anthropic-accuse-chinese-labs): An OSTP memo calls legitimate distillation “vital” but labels “industrial” efforts to access proprietary info “unacceptable.”
- [Putin signs Bill 1194918-8, phasing in Russia’s licensed crypto market from 2026](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/putin-signs-bill-1194918-8-phasing-in-russias-licensed-crypto-market-from-2026): Retail buys are capped at 300,000 rubles per intermediary and limited to Bank of Russia-approved assets, while the crypto payments ban stays.
- [Robinhood and Coinbase show early AI-agent traction, but monetization stays opaque](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/robinhood-and-coinbase-show-early-ai-agent-traction-but-monetization-stays-opaque): Robinhood disclosed 100,000 agentic accounts with $100M+ assets, while Coinbase cited x402 and Base routing shares without agent volume or revenue.
- [Binance sues RedotPay in Hong Kong over alleged 470,000-user diversion and ~$473M losses](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/binance-sues-redotpay-in-hong-kong-over-alleged-470000-user-diversion-and-473m-losses): A parallel Singapore case filed by Binance affiliate Chaintecs has a hearing scheduled Friday as RedotPay vows to fight the claims.
- [Block lifts 2026 guidance after Q2 beat, says agentic AI touched nearly all June code](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/block-lifts-2026-guidance-after-q2-beat-says-agentic-ai-touched-nearly-all-june-code): Gross profit rose 25% to $3.17B and adjusted operating income hit $855M as Cash App and Square drove results.
- [Dow closes at a record as Nvidia jumps, but Nasdaq slides 0.8% on tech weakness](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/dow-closes-at-a-record-as-nvidia-jumps-but-nasdaq-slides-08-on-tech-weakness): Musk said SpaceX will be “exclusive to Nvidia” for future AI compute as SpaceX sank 13% on $18.4B capex.
- [Warren presses Commerce on UAE AI-chip access after World Liberty and Binance-USD1 deals](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/warren-presses-commerce-on-uae-ai-chip-access-after-world-liberty-and-binance-usd1-deals): The letter questions the UAE’s move to Country Group A:5 and Commerce’s stance on MGX-linked license applications.
- [Lummis presses for pre-recess Senate vote on CLARITY as floor schedule stays blank](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/lummis-presses-for-pre-recess-senate-vote-on-clarity-as-floor-schedule-stays-blank): The bill needs 60 votes for cloture, and ethics and banking objections could push the catalyst into mid-September.
- [Warning flags alleged supply-chain tampering of Coldcard hardware wallets before delivery](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/warning-flags-alleged-supply-chain-tampering-of-coldcard-hardware-wallets-before-delivery): The alert describes an ongoing threat but provides no named researchers, scope, or confirmed losses.
- [BTC stalls at $64K as gold jumps on China ETF inflows and the S&P 500 hits 7,793](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/btc-stalls-at-64k-as-gold-jumps-on-china-etf-inflows-and-the-sp-500-hits-7793): Analysts pointed to spot Bitcoin ETF flows, yields, Fed hike pricing, and a negative Coinbase Premium as the gating items for a rebound.
- [NYT says “tokenomics” is emerging to measure ROI on corporate AI spending](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/nyt-says-tokenomics-is-emerging-to-measure-roi-on-corporate-ai-spending): The 2026-08-03 piece frames “tokenomics” as a way to quantify what companies get back from AI outlays.
- [Glassnode says Bitcoin’s 45-metric heatmap has stayed in capitulation all through 2026](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/glassnode-says-bitcoins-45-metric-heatmap-has-stayed-in-capitulation-all-through-2026): The composite is the coldest since FTX but still short of the “unanimous deep blue” floor signal as activity spiked after a Coldcard exploit.
- [US prosecutors charge three Missouri men in alleged Bitcoin-holder kidnapping plot](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/us-prosecutors-charge-three-missouri-men-in-alleged-bitcoin-holder-kidnapping-plot): The Hobbs Act conspiracy case tracks an alleged August 2024 plan to force a crypto transfer in Connecticut.
- [Draft EIP-8363 would burn Ethereum staking rewards as staked ETH nears 60.25M](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/draft-eip-8363-would-burn-ethereum-staking-rewards-as-staked-eth-nears-6025m): The early proposal is not slated for Hegotá, but it has already triggered a DeFi-yield and decentralization backlash.
- [Senators and tribal gaming regulators renew push to add prediction markets to Clarity Act](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/senators-and-tribal-gaming-regulators-renew-push-to-add-prediction-markets-to-clarity-act): The effort raises near-term uncertainty over which U.S. regime would govern crypto-adjacent event markets.
- [Commentator claims XRPL passed 1M AI-agent payments, but offers no on-chain proof](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/commentator-claims-xrpl-passed-1m-ai-agent-payments-but-offers-no-on-chain-proof): The claim frames XRPL as a micro-payment rail for autonomous software, but lacks a time window, transaction samples, or value and fee data.
- [SpaceX keeps 18,712 BTC as first public earnings show $540M digital-asset markdown](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/spacex-keeps-18712-btc-as-first-public-earnings-show-540m-digital-asset-markdown): The company reported $1.10B in digital assets at June 30, down from $1.64B at end-2025, ahead of an Aug. 6 insider share unlock.
- [Coinfello warns Robinhood Chain stock-token geo-blocks may fail outside the app](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/coinfello-warns-robinhood-chain-stock-token-geo-blocks-may-fail-outside-the-app): Trust Wallet access and Robinhood’s own AI-agent tooling could make U.S. restrictions harder to enforce at the contract layer.
- [Bitdeer signs up-to-$4.7B Norway AI lease for 121 MW of Nvidia GPU-ready capacity](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/bitdeer-signs-up-to-47b-norway-ai-lease-for-121-mw-of-nvidia-gpu-ready-capacity): The 16-year deal is pending closing conditions and is expected to be backed by about $1.3B in letters of credit.
- [BNY Plans In-Custody Crypto Staking With Galaxy, Pending Regulatory Approval](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/bny-plans-in-custody-crypto-staking-with-galaxy-pending-regulatory-approval): The setup targets institutional clients seeking staking rewards without moving tokens off BNY’s custody platform.
- [China police-university team claims AI+LLM tool flags crypto laundering with ~90% accuracy](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/china-police-university-team-claims-aillm-tool-flags-crypto-laundering-with-90-accuracy): The research lands as prosecutors say 3,259 people faced 2025 cases tied to virtual-asset laundering and underground finance.
- [Judge Rakoff denies CFTC emergency bid to block New York’s Kalshi enforcement case](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/judge-rakoff-denies-cftc-emergency-bid-to-block-new-yorks-kalshi-enforcement-case): The order leaves the state lawsuit in place and lets the CFTC renew its request before Judge Marrero on Aug. 7.
- [Hugging Face CEO puts end-2026/2027 window on China’s frontier AI catch-up](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/hugging-face-ceo-puts-end-20262027-window-on-chinas-frontier-ai-catch-up): Clément Delangue tied China’s open-weight momentum to an OpenAI-agent hack that he framed as an engineering failure.
- [Mastercard Closes Up to $1.8B BVNK Deal to Expand Stablecoin Settlement Rails](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/mastercard-closes-up-to-18b-bvnk-deal-to-expand-stablecoin-settlement-rails): The payments network said BVNK’s onchain infrastructure will link digital currencies with fiat for payouts, settlement, and treasury flows.
- [Swyftx-owned Caleb & Brown launches UK push for high-net-worth crypto clients](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/swyftx-owned-caleb-brown-launches-uk-push-for-high-net-worth-crypto-clients): The boutique brokerage is pitching tailored execution and calling UK crypto participation underpenetrated versus peer regions.
- [DeepSeek launches V4 Flash and prices coding output at $0.28 versus $25 on Opus 4.8](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/deepseek-launches-v4-flash-and-prices-coding-output-at-028-versus-25-on-opus-48): The near-frontier pricing move lands days after OpenAI cut GPT-5.6 Luna output prices by 80% three weeks post-launch.
- [Treasury crypto adviser Tyler Williams exits as CLARITY bill stalls in the Senate](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/treasury-crypto-adviser-tyler-williams-exits-as-clarity-bill-stalls-in-the-senate): Bernstein warned that further delays could weigh on digital asset prices by extending regulatory uncertainty.
- [American Bitcoin president Matt Prusak to exit for Giga Energy on Aug. 4](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/american-bitcoin-president-matt-prusak-to-exit-for-giga-energy-on-aug-4): The interim CFO will take commercial and finance roles at the Houston power-and-AI infrastructure developer.
- [Coldcard RNG integration error tied to estimated $88.6M Bitcoin theft](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/coldcard-rng-integration-error-tied-to-estimated-886m-bitcoin-theft): Square Engineering says a deterministic MicroPython fallback may have weakened seed generation under specific conditions.
- [Hashdex to liquidate DEFI ETF, sell roughly 225 BTC, and cash out shareholders](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/hashdex-to-liquidate-defi-etf-sell-roughly-225-btc-and-cash-out-shareholders): The issuer cited liquidity, operating costs, and investor interest as it winds down a $14.25 million fund.
- [Fake World Assets briefly tops Ethereum fee burn, then cools to ~$350K/day](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/fake-world-assets-briefly-tops-ethereum-fee-burn-then-cools-to-350kday): The onchain gacha app hit ~$1.53M in daily fees on July 25 as TVL climbed past $6.15M, with incentive details still unspecified.
- [GPT-5.6 Sol Ultra credited in two unclonable-encryption preprints posted 3h18m apart](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/gpt-56-sol-ultra-credited-in-two-unclonable-encryption-preprints-posted-3h18m-apart): Separate teams submitted same-day arXiv papers claiming an efficient scheme without prior caveats, before peer review.
- [HashKey Exchange gets JPMorgan approval for a client money account](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/hashkey-exchange-gets-jpmorgan-approval-for-a-client-money-account): HashKey says the account is designed for client fund segregation and settlement, weeks after activating DBS fiat rails.
- [ZeroStack flags going-concern risk after $82.5M digital-asset fair-value loss](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/zerostack-flags-going-concern-risk-after-825m-digital-asset-fair-value-loss): The Nasdaq-listed firm marked its 75.1M 0G token treasury at $15.2M fair value versus $163.3M cost as of June 30.
- [Galaxy’s Alex Thorn flags likely Coldcard-linked BTC sweeps across 462 addresses](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/galaxys-alex-thorn-flags-likely-coldcard-linked-btc-sweeps-across-462-addresses): Thorn said some suspected attacker transactions are still unconfirmed, leaving a narrow fee-bump window for affected users.
- [Galaxy estimates 1,367 BTC Coldcard drain as sub-1 BTC transfers hit 39,600 BTC](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/galaxy-estimates-1367-btc-coldcard-drain-as-sub-1-btc-transfers-hit-39600-btc): The reported third-wave losses span 4,585 addresses, while Senate odds for a Clarity Act vote fade with five days left.
- [NYT profile frames Larry Ellison’s Oracle AI push as a debt-backed bubble bet](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/nyt-profile-frames-larry-ellisons-oracle-ai-push-as-a-debt-backed-bubble-bet): The magazine piece casts the 81-year-old founder’s “AI juggernaut” pivot as a high-risk, leverage-tinged late-cycle signal.
- [SEC keeps Nasdaq PHLX QBTC bitcoin index options stayed as CME petition gets review](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/sec-keeps-nasdaq-phlx-qbtc-bitcoin-index-options-stayed-as-cme-petition-gets-review): Commissioners invited written statements due Aug. 24, extending uncertainty for US-listed BTC index options timing.
- [Senate Clarity Act stalls as recess nears and motion to proceed remains unfiled](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/senate-clarity-act-stalls-as-recess-nears-and-motion-to-proceed-remains-unfiled): A Tillis-Gallego ethics compromise is awaiting White House feedback, leaving a shrinking floor window before the August break.
- [CNBC op-ed says U.S. AI lead is ‘all but gone’ as competition shifts to ecosystems](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/cnbc-op-ed-says-us-ai-lead-is-all-but-gone-as-competition-shifts-to-ecosystems): Dewardric McNeal argues China’s advantage is reducing friction across the stack to drive global adoption, not just winning benchmarks.
- [Coldcard exploit coincides with retail-sized BTC rushing back to exchanges](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/coldcard-exploit-coincides-with-retail-sized-btc-rushing-back-to-exchanges): Sub-10 BTC deposits hit 7,300 BTC on July 31 as net inflows turned positive and exchange balances rose to 2.715M BTC.
- [Trump Media moves 2,628 BTC to Crypto.com, reported holdings drop to 4,261 BTC](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/trump-media-moves-2628-btc-to-cryptocom-reported-holdings-drop-to-4261-btc): The transfer extends a seven-month distribution trend tracked via Arkham-labeled wallets and summarized by Lookonchain.
- [UNI Retests $3.90–$4.20 Breakout Support as Whale Order Sizes Rise](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/uni-retests-390420-breakout-support-as-whale-order-sizes-rise): Perps remain net-long with 56% of open interest on the long side and funding has stayed positive for weeks.
- [Reuters-linked claim of $676M Iran-linked flows to Binance revives sanctions scrutiny](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/reuters-linked-claim-of-676m-iran-linked-flows-to-binance-revives-sanctions-scrutiny): The packet lacks the alleged exchange’s identity, timeframe, and transaction evidence, limiting immediate market read-through.
- [Strategy holds STRC dividend at 12% with the preferred still below $100 par](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/strategy-holds-strc-dividend-at-12-with-the-preferred-still-below-100-par): STRC traded around $89.46, breaking a recent pattern of dividend hikes after sub-par months.
- [Yahoo Finance Armstrong AI-agents story can’t be verified from the provided packet](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/yahoo-finance-armstrong-ai-agents-story-cant-be-verified-from-the-provided-packet): The accessible text at the link is a German cookie and privacy consent wall, not the article body.
- [CFTC bars George Santos from prediction markets after Kalshi SOTU trading order](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/cftc-bars-george-santos-from-prediction-markets-after-kalshi-sotu-trading-order): A separate SDNY Polymarket defendant is asking to dismiss CEA counts by arguing event contracts are not clearly “swaps.”
- [Minnesota’s crypto-ATM ban takes effect, forcing shutdown of 201 kiosks](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/minnesotas-crypto-atm-ban-takes-effect-forcing-shutdown-of-201-kiosks): SF 3868 requires immediate deactivation on Aug. 1 and sets a Dec. 31 deadline to remove machines from public view.
- [Google rolls back one-click AI “satellite images” in Earth after policy-violating shares](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/google-rolls-back-one-click-ai-satellite-images-in-earth-after-policy-violating-shares): The feature lasted about a day, raising fresh concern that synthetic geospatial visuals can outrun verification in fast markets.
- [Protect Progress ramps Michigan-13 primary ads past $2M for Rep. Shri Thanedar](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/protect-progress-ramps-michigan-13-primary-ads-past-2m-for-rep-shri-thanedar): New FEC filings added $884,240 in pro-Thanedar ads and more than $150,000 opposing Donavan McKinney ahead of Tuesday’s vote.
- [Russia adds Moscow to crypto mining ban list starting Aug. 15, 2026](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/russia-adds-moscow-to-crypto-mining-ban-list-starting-aug-15-2026): Resolution No. 936 extends restrictions through Dec. 31, 2032 and also adds parts of Kursk Region on power-supply grounds.
- [State-linked Chinese blog floats tiered access limits for the country’s top AI models](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/state-linked-chinese-blog-floats-tiered-access-limits-for-the-countrys-top-ai-models): The commentary frames frontier systems as a political-risk vector and compares the approach to U.S. actions involving Anthropic.
- [Galaxy Research links Coldcard incident to 1,082.65 BTC across 1,196 addresses](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/galaxy-research-links-coldcard-incident-to-108265-btc-across-1196-addresses): Coinkite says a hotfix won’t secure already-generated vulnerable seeds, urging users to migrate funds.
- [MoonPay launches PayBox to execute crypto and card payments inside Claude and ChatGPT](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/moonpay-launches-paybox-to-execute-crypto-and-card-payments-inside-claude-and-chatgpt): The non-custodial MPC design supports Solana plus seven EVM chains and adds an “Autonomous” spend mode ahead of an Aug. 2 EU oversight deadline.
- [George Santos agrees to $35,000 CFTC settlement tied to Kalshi SOTU bet](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/george-santos-agrees-to-35000-cftc-settlement-tied-to-kalshi-sotu-bet): The filing details are not in the packet, leaving the alleged conduct and any non-monetary terms unresolved.
- [Bitcoin holds a 7.5% July gain despite a late dip below $63,000](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/bitcoin-holds-a-75-july-gain-despite-a-late-dip-below-63000): Analysts say a late-June leverage flush muted forced selling, shifting August risk to jobs data, yields, ETF flows, and a Coldcard overhang.
- [Coldcard patches seed-randomness flaw tied to nearly 600 BTC in theft](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/coldcard-patches-seed-randomness-flaw-tied-to-nearly-600-btc-in-theft): Because vulnerable seeds can’t be repaired by an update, the incident is fueling fresh interest in custodians and spot BTC ETFs like IBIT.
- [Bank of Italy test finds USDC remittances lack a consistent end-to-end edge](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/bank-of-italy-test-finds-usdc-remittances-lack-a-consistent-end-to-end-edge): Across 200 transfers, costs ran from 0.3% to nearly 9% and speed depended on local instant-payment rails.
- [Pump.fun layoffs reportedly preceded June 2026 employee PUMP unlock milestone](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/pumpfun-layoffs-reportedly-preceded-june-2026-employee-pump-unlock-milestone): Documents described in the report point to a 25% vesting unlock after one year under 2025 agreements.
- [AI-linked crypto tokens cool as unlock risk and profit-taking reset the trade](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/ai-linked-crypto-tokens-cool-as-unlock-risk-and-profit-taking-reset-the-trade): A rotation narrative is building toward BTC, ETH, RWAs, stablecoin rails, payments, and infrastructure, but the evidence is qualitative.
- [ECB says planned digital euro standalone app will exceed EU accessibility rules](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/ecb-says-planned-digital-euro-standalone-app-will-exceed-eu-accessibility-rules): The central bank reiterated a 36-provider pilot slated for H2 2027 ahead of any issuance decision.
- [Citadel reportedly bought Situational Awareness’ public-stock book at a discount](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/citadel-reportedly-bought-situational-awareness-public-stock-book-at-a-discount): The July drawdown-driven transfer leaves open whether a disclosed $1.11B BTC miner basket was sold.
- [Aave ARFC proposes winding down six V3 deployments and offboarding 50 low-use reserves](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/aave-arfc-proposes-winding-down-six-v3-deployments-and-offboarding-50-low-use-reserves): The cleanup covers $98.1M supplied and $15.6M debt as of July 28, with Sonic and Aptos still active but flagged for freezing.
- [US spot Bitcoin ETFs log $233.1M inflow, flipping weekly flows back to positive](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/us-spot-bitcoin-etfs-log-2331m-inflow-flipping-weekly-flows-back-to-positive): BlackRock’s IBIT took in $183.4M, keeping July net flows at +$437.8M after two months of heavy outflows.
- [Wintermute: Institutions drove a record 72% of H1 2026 spot OTC flow](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/wintermute-institutions-drove-a-record-72-of-h1-2026-spot-otc-flow): The market maker says liquidity is concentrating in institution-favored tokens as long-tail activity weakens.
- [Coinkite warns Coldcard Mk3 users to migrate funds over seed-generation risk](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/coinkite-warns-coldcard-mk3-users-to-migrate-funds-over-seed-generation-risk): The alert hit as investigators analyzed a tightly timed 594.48 BTC sweep from single-sig wallets with no proven link.
- [Bhutan’s Gelephu appoints 3iQ to manage part of its Bitcoin treasury mandate](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/bhutans-gelephu-appoints-3iq-to-manage-part-of-its-bitcoin-treasury-mandate): The BTC amount, custody setup, and whether yield strategies are allowed were not disclosed.
- [Tillis and Gallego send White House revised CLARITY Act ethics language](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/tillis-and-gallego-send-white-house-revised-clarity-act-ethics-language): The counteroffer would shift enforcement of a token-issuance ban for federal officials from DOJ to state authorities.
- [Strategy posts $8.22B Q2 loss as BTC marks and new monetization sales hit results](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/strategy-posts-822b-q2-loss-as-btc-marks-and-new-monetization-sales-hit-results): The firm disclosed $218.4M of Bitcoin sales tied to preferred dividends and a $3.75B cash reserve to support payouts.
- [Aviva Investors launches XRPL tokenized share class for its US Dollar Liquidity Fund](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/aviva-investors-launches-xrpl-tokenized-share-class-for-its-us-dollar-liquidity-fund): Irish central bank approval keeps BNY Mellon as custodian while Komainu and Licuido run the digital rails.
- [RedStone: Aave cleared a major XAUT liquidation cluster as tokenized-gold collateral stays thin](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/redstone-aave-cleared-a-major-xaut-liquidation-cluster-as-tokenized-gold-collateral-stays-thin): Only about $63M of XAUT and PAXG is posted on Aave v3 and Morpho despite $90.7B in Q1 spot volume.
- [Australia sues Telegram over alleged terror-content failures, citing up to $38M penalty](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/australia-sues-telegram-over-alleged-terror-content-failures-citing-up-to-38m-penalty): The court action lands as founder Pavel Durov faces terrorism-related pressure in Russia and an ongoing French probe.
- [Samsung SDS confirms stablecoin-rail and AI payments talks with Upbit operator Dunamu](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/samsung-sds-confirms-stablecoin-rail-and-ai-payments-talks-with-upbit-operator-dunamu): The discussions follow Samsung affiliates’ agreement to buy a combined 4% stake in Dunamu in May 2026.
- [China Business Journal warns of Bitcoin extortion emails impersonating the paper](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/china-business-journal-warns-of-bitcoin-extortion-emails-impersonating-the-paper): The state-affiliated outlet says scammers used Proton Mail and threatened damaging reports unless paid in BTC.
- [Hashed and Solana Policy Institute urge South Korea to phase in stablecoin rules now](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/hashed-and-solana-policy-institute-urge-south-korea-to-phase-in-stablecoin-rules-now): A new policy report argues interim licensing guidance should precede the stalled Digital Asset Basic Act.
- [Gumi to start ¥3B crypto fund with SBI Financial Services on Saturday](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/gumi-to-start-3b-crypto-fund-with-sbi-financial-services-on-saturday): The actively managed vehicle targets BTC and major altcoins and is framed as track-record building ahead of a possible Japan crypto ETF shift.
- [Ethereum Foundation appoints SEAL 911’s Pascal Caversaccio to board](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/ethereum-foundation-appoints-seal-911s-pascal-caversaccio-to-board): The one-year voluntary term comes as the Foundation elevates L1 privacy and post-quantum security research.
- [Robinhood posts record Q2 as crypto transaction revenue falls 38% to $100M](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/robinhood-posts-record-q2-as-crypto-transaction-revenue-falls-38-to-100m): The firm reported $40B in crypto trading volume split between its app and Bitstamp after the June 2025 acquisition.
- [Binance.US CEO targets August CFTC DCM application for prediction markets](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/binanceus-ceo-targets-august-cftc-dcm-application-for-prediction-markets): No pending DCM filing was visible in CFTC records as of the day the plan was announced at Rare Evo.
- [Prosecutor groups press White House to revise CLARITY developer protections](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/prosecutor-groups-press-white-house-to-revise-clarity-developer-protections): White House adviser Patrick Witt rejected the reported BRCA language as Senate leaders leave no vote scheduled before Aug. 7.
- [Morgan Stanley ties tokenization to 24/7 markets as E*TRADE adds spot crypto](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/morgan-stanley-ties-tokenization-to-247-markets-as-etrade-adds-spot-crypto): The bank also rolled out spot ether and solana ETFs this week after launching a spot bitcoin ETF earlier in 2026.
- [Brale debuts ION Protocol testnet to move stablecoins cross-chain via burn-and-mint](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/brale-debuts-ion-protocol-testnet-to-move-stablecoins-cross-chain-via-burn-and-mint): The firm says the design avoids pre-funded liquidity pools as stablecoin issuance fragments across 350+ tokens.
- [Fed’s July 29 decision sets a binary macro catalyst for BTC as hike odds linger](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/feds-july-29-decision-sets-a-binary-macro-catalyst-for-btc-as-hike-odds-linger): CME pricing near 35% hike odds, rising 2Y/10Y yields, and a ~20% July WTI jump raise the stakes for Warsh’s message.
- [Russia’s FSB says it issued an international warrant for Telegram founder Pavel Durov](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/russias-fsb-says-it-issued-an-international-warrant-for-telegram-founder-pavel-durov): Interpol’s public Red Notice database showed no listing as of Wednesday morning, leaving cross-border enforcement unclear.
- [Hungary votes to repeal crypto “validator” checks as CoinCash wins first MiCA license](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/hungary-votes-to-repeal-crypto-validator-checks-as-coincash-wins-first-mica-license): The National Bank of Hungary authorized CoinCash operator Tiwala Solutions on July 20, setting up a gradual service restart after a 2025 pause.
- [Trade.xyz to reimburse SKHYNIX perp liquidations after 19% mark-price anomaly](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/tradexyz-to-reimburse-skhynix-perp-liquidations-after-19-mark-price-anomaly): The platform called the payout a one-time discretionary decision after an external executed trade flowed into its oracle.
- [South Korea’s FSC moves toward a single Digital Asset Basic Act as tax repeal stalls in committee](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/south-koreas-fsc-moves-toward-a-single-digital-asset-basic-act-as-tax-repeal-stalls-in-committee): The draft is expected to set stablecoin and exchange standards, while the 2027 crypto tax fight lacks a review calendar.
- [Zcash researchers publish machine-checked Ironwood proof targeting supply integrity](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/zcash-researchers-publish-machine-checked-ironwood-proof-targeting-supply-integrity): Project Tachyon said the Lean verification includes 2,700+ theorems and focuses on “balance integrity” after the Orchard flaw.
- [Myanmar’s combined parliament approves anti-online scam bill targeting crypto fraud](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/myanmars-combined-parliament-approves-anti-online-scam-bill-targeting-crypto-fraud): A May draft set 10-years-to-life penalties for crypto scams, but the final text and start date are still unconfirmed.
- [Morgan Stanley Lists ETH and SOL ETPs With Staking Pass-Through at 0.14% Fee](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/morgan-stanley-lists-eth-and-sol-etps-with-staking-pass-through-at-014-fee): MSSE and MSOL track CoinDesk’s 4PM NY settlement-rate benchmarks and extend the bank’s crypto lineup beyond MSBT.
- [AmericanFortress floats post-quantum wallet retrofit that keeps existing addresses](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/americanfortress-floats-post-quantum-wallet-retrofit-that-keeps-existing-addresses): A non-peer-reviewed ePrint paper claims seed-derived zero-knowledge proofs could harden HD wallets without fund migration.
- [Bitcoin prints sub-$63,000 at Wall Street open as chip rout triggers $510M+ long flush](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/news/bitcoin-prints-sub-63000-at-wall-street-open-as-chip-rout-triggers-510m-long-flush): Liquidation-map levels at $64,700 and $65,800–$66,200 are now the near-term magnets traders are tracking.

## Learn

- [What is Bittensor: How subnets, Yuma Consensus, and dTAO pay for off-chain AI work](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/what-is-bittensor-how-subnets-yuma-consensus-and-dtao-pay-for-off-chain-ai-work): Bittensor coordinates specialized AI competitions on-chain while the heavy model work runs off-chain, with rewards routed through TAO and subnet alpha tokens.
- [How Bittensor subnets work: Yuma consensus, tempo weights, and subnet emissions](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/how-bittensor-subnets-work-yuma-consensus-tempo-weights-and-subnet-emissions): Subnets run off-chain tasks and scoring, while on-chain Yuma Consensus and root or dTAO signals decide who gets paid in TAO.
- [Crypto ETF approval timeline 2024 to 2026: The dates that mattered and what speeds up next](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/crypto-etf-approval-timeline-2024-to-2026-the-dates-that-mattered-and-what-speeds-up-next): From 2024’s spot BTC and ETH listings to 2025’s generic listing standards, the gating item is usually the exchange’s rule filing, not issuer hype.
- [Crypto ETF regulation explained: the exchange rulebook that decides who lists](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/crypto-etf-regulation-explained-the-exchange-rulebook-that-decides-who-lists): In the U.S., crypto ETPs get to market through SEC-reviewed exchange listing rules, not a special “crypto ETF” license.
- [In-kind vs cash redemption for crypto ETFs: where the forced trade happens](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/in-kind-vs-cash-redemption-for-crypto-etfs-where-the-forced-trade-happens): The choice mainly shifts execution and compliance burden between the fund and authorized participants, affecting spreads, tracking, and potential tax outcomes.
- [How ETF arbitrage keeps price near NAV](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/how-etf-arbitrage-keeps-price-near-nav): Authorized participants create or redeem shares in large blocks when premiums or discounts clear trading-cost hurdles.
- [How ETF creation and redemption works: the basket swap that pins price to NAV](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/how-etf-creation-and-redemption-works-the-basket-swap-that-pins-price-to-nav): Authorized participants create or redeem ETF shares in large blocks by swapping a daily-published basket for a creation unit.
- [Crypto ETF fees and expense ratios compared: how to read the real all-in cost](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/crypto-etf-fees-and-expense-ratios-compared-how-to-read-the-real-all-in-cost): SEC fee tables show what the fund charges, but structure, spreads, and embedded fees can change what investors actually pay.
- [Are crypto ETFs safe what you actually own in a spot Bitcoin ETF](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/are-crypto-etfs-safe-what-you-actually-own-in-a-spot-bitcoin-etf): A crypto ETF can reduce wallet and key-management risk, but you own fee-decaying shares that trade with spreads and can diverge from NAV.
- [How to read crypto ETF flows like a trader](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/how-to-read-crypto-etf-flows-like-a-trader): Treat daily net flows as a lagging positioning print, then validate it with streaks, fund dispersion, and NAV premium plus liquidity context.
- [Spot vs futures crypto ETF: what you’re really buying](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/spot-vs-futures-crypto-etf-what-youre-really-buying): Spot ETFs hold the asset, while futures ETFs hold CME-style contracts whose roll and basis can drive returns away from spot.
- [What is a crypto ETF and what you actually own](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/what-is-a-crypto-etf-and-what-you-actually-own): A crypto ETF trades like a stock but packages crypto exposure into a fund share that can diverge from its underlying value and charges ongoing fees.
- [Spot vs futures crypto ETF: tracking, roll costs, and what you really own](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/spot-vs-futures-crypto-etf-tracking-roll-costs-and-what-you-really-own): Spot ETFs hold crypto in custody, while futures ETFs rent exposure through CME contracts that can add drag or yield via the futures curve.
- [What is a crypto ETF and why the plumbing matters](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/what-is-a-crypto-etf-and-why-the-plumbing-matters): A crypto ETF is a stock-exchange fund that tracks crypto via spot holdings or futures, with share creation and redemption designed to keep price near NAV.
- [Can you stake through a crypto ETF? What you actually get, and what you give up](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/can-you-stake-through-a-crypto-etf-what-you-actually-get-and-what-you-give-up): A staking-enabled crypto ETF stakes the fund’s own ETH via custodians and validators, then passes net rewards as cash or through NAV.
- [DATs vs ETFs two ways to get crypto exposure through a brokerage account](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/dats-vs-etfs-two-ways-to-get-crypto-exposure-through-a-brokerage-account): The key distinction is what you legally own: a fund share with creation-redemption plumbing, or an issuer note that adds credit risk.
- [Crypto ETF vs buying spot crypto: fees, tracking, custody, and the price you really pay](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/crypto-etf-vs-buying-spot-crypto-fees-tracking-custody-and-the-price-you-really-pay): A spot Bitcoin ETF trades like a stock but can drift from BTC due to fees and pricing mechanics, while spot ownership gives control with different operational risk.
- [How crypto ETFs affect spot price and volatility](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/how-crypto-etfs-affect-spot-price-and-volatility): Spot ETF flows transmit into crypto through creations and redemptions, while cash vs in-kind mechanics can change how noisy that transmission gets.
- [What are digital asset treasury companies and how the MicroStrategy model works](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/what-are-digital-asset-treasury-companies-and-how-the-microstrategy-model-works): They are public companies that hold and accumulate crypto on their balance sheets, so the stock can trade at a premium or discount to the coins.
- [The altcoin ETF wave whats next after SOL and XRP](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/the-altcoin-etf-wave-whats-next-after-sol-and-xrp): The next approvals are increasingly shaped by generic listing standards and regulated futures “seasoning,” not coin-by-coin SEC exceptions.
- [Solana and XRP ETFs explained: the new SEC clock, the real gates, and what to watch](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/solana-and-xrp-etfs-explained-the-new-sec-clock-the-real-gates-and-what-to-watch): Generic listing standards shift attention from 19b-4 decision dates to S-1 clearance and eligibility signals like six-month regulated futures trading.
- [Spot bitcoin vs spot ethereum etf: the real differences are carry, tracking, and hours](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/spot-bitcoin-vs-spot-ethereum-etf-the-real-differences-are-carry-tracking-and-hours): Both products are spot ETFs that hold crypto for brokerage access, but ETH funds forgo staking yield and can face extra cash-creation friction.
- [What is a spot bitcoin ETF: The plumbing behind stock-market BTC exposure](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/what-is-a-spot-bitcoin-etf-the-plumbing-behind-stock-market-btc-exposure): A spot bitcoin ETF trades like a stock while holding bitcoin in custody, using NAV and creation baskets to keep shares near the value of its holdings.
- [Why stablecoins power agent payments: 24/7 settlement, finality, and clean unit economics](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/why-stablecoins-power-agent-payments-247-settlement-finality-and-clean-unit-economics): Stablecoins let software agents clear payments continuously onchain, then route fiat payouts and cross-chain USDC via networks like CPN and CCTP.
- [X402 vs MPP vs AP2 compared: settlement risk, session credit, and mandates](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/x402-vs-mpp-vs-ap2-compared-settlement-risk-session-credit-and-mandates): X402 settles per HTTP request in stablecoins, MPP runs a pre-authorized session that batch-settles, and AP2 adds signed mandates for provable authorization.
- [How AI agents pay onchain x402: the 402 retry loop that clears stablecoins](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/how-ai-agents-pay-onchain-x402-the-402-retry-loop-that-clears-stablecoins): X402 turns HTTP 402 into machine-readable payment terms, then settles signed stablecoin authorizations onchain via a facilitator.
- [The agent economy explained: how AI agents become paid digital labor](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/the-agent-economy-explained-how-ai-agents-become-paid-digital-labor): It is a shift from buying software seats to commissioning autonomous workflows, with identity, protocols, and settlement deciding who can be trusted and paid.
- [Session keys and agent permissions explained: contract-enforced delegation for onchain agents](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/session-keys-and-agent-permissions-explained-contract-enforced-delegation-for-onchain-agents): Smart accounts use scoped session policies and ERC-4337 plumbing so an agent can act without holding your master key or unlimited authority.
- [What is x402 protocol: HTTP 402 payments for per-request access](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/what-is-x402-protocol-http-402-payments-for-per-request-access): X402 standardizes a 402-based HTTP handshake so APIs can quote, verify, and settle payments per request without user accounts.
- [How AI agents execute trades onchain: intents, ERC-4337, and token permissions](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/how-ai-agents-execute-trades-onchain-intents-erc-4337-and-token-permissions): An agent turns a trade decision into signed requests that bundlers, EntryPoint, and allowance systems can settle as onchain state changes.
- [What is intent-based execution and why solvers price your constraints](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/what-is-intent-based-execution-and-why-solvers-price-your-constraints): Intent-based execution turns a signed outcome request into an auction where solvers pay gas, route the trade, and settle only if constraints are met.
- [What is defai autonomous onchain execution: The decision-to-settlement pipeline](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/what-is-defai-autonomous-onchain-execution-the-decision-to-settlement-pipeline): DeFAI agents usually think offchain, then use oracles and constrained wallet permissions to settle DeFi actions onchain with irreversible finality.
- [How ERC-8004 registries work: identity, reputation, and validation for agents](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/how-erc-8004-registries-work-identity-reputation-and-validation-for-agents): ERC-8004 standardizes an on-chain lookup layer for AI agents using an ERC-721 AgentID plus two 0–100 signal registries with off-chain evidence links.
- [What is ERC-8004 agent identity and how it makes trust portable](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/what-is-erc-8004-agent-identity-and-how-it-makes-trust-portable): ERC-8004 uses an ERC-721 identity token plus shared registries for reputation and validation so wallets and counterparties can apply consistent policy.
- [AI agents risks and failure modes: Why “pretty good” agents still blow up](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/ai-agents-risks-and-failure-modes-why-pretty-good-agents-still-blow-up): Agent reliability decays across tool calls and handoffs, so production safety comes from limits, verification, and observability, not better prompts.
- [AI agent frameworks explained: the control plane behind reliable agents](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/ai-agent-frameworks-explained-the-control-plane-behind-reliable-agents): They standardize orchestration, state, tool calling, and observability so agent behavior is repeatable instead of a one-off demo.
- [How do AI agents work in crypto: tool-based data reads plus smart-account execution](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/how-do-ai-agents-work-in-crypto-tool-based-data-reads-plus-smart-account-execution): Most crypto agents are two systems glued together: structured onchain analytics tools and a smart account that enforces what can actually be executed.
- [What are AI agents in crypto: delegated operators with wallets](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/what-are-ai-agents-in-crypto-delegated-operators-with-wallets): They run an observe-decide-execute loop and can settle actions on-chain under explicit limits, permissions, and goals.
- [AI agent vs trading bot vs chatbot: the architecture that actually matters](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/ai-agent-vs-trading-bot-vs-chatbot-the-architecture-that-actually-matters): The key distinction is whether the system can take tool-driven actions like placing orders, not whether it uses an LLM.
- [Fake hardware wallet letter scams: how the “migration trap” steals your seed phrase](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/fake-hardware-wallet-letter-scams-how-the-migration-trap-steals-your-seed-phrase): The letter’s goal is to push an urgent “replace or upgrade” flow that gets you to type your seed phrase into a site or app.
- [How to revoke malicious approvals and close the drain path](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/how-to-revoke-malicious-approvals-and-close-the-drain-path): Revoking is an on-chain allowance change that removes a spender’s right to transferFrom your tokens, and it costs gas.
- [Smart contract wallets and account abstraction: the ERC-4337 execution pipeline](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/smart-contract-wallets-and-account-abstraction-the-erc-4337-execution-pipeline): ERC-4337 routes wallet actions through UserOperations, bundlers, and EntryPoint, creating a parallel inclusion and fee market to normal Ethereum transactions.
- [Seedless and social recovery wallets: How they work and what risk they shift](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/seedless-and-social-recovery-wallets-how-they-work-and-what-risk-they-shift): They replace a single seed phrase with either off-chain threshold signing via MPC or on-chain recovery rules in a smart contract wallet.
- [Multisig wallets explained: how M-of-N approval actually moves funds](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/multisig-wallets-explained-how-m-of-n-approval-actually-moves-funds): A multisig wallet executes transactions only after a preset threshold of signers approves, turning key custody into an explicit approval pipeline.
- [MPC wallets explained: how threshold signing replaces single-key custody](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/mpc-wallets-explained-how-threshold-signing-replaces-single-key-custody): MPC wallets split signing authority into key shares so m-of-n approvers can produce one normal on-chain signature without reconstructing a full private key.
- [Hardware wallets explained: on-device signing, secure screens, and chip-level security](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/hardware-wallets-explained-on-device-signing-secure-screens-and-chip-level-security): A hardware wallet keeps private keys off your laptop or phone by signing transactions inside the device and showing the final details on a trusted screen.
- [Crypto wallet types explained: A signing workflow, not a place coins sit](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/crypto-wallet-types-explained-a-signing-workflow-not-a-place-coins-sit): Wallet “types” mainly differ by where the private key lives and what you expose when you sign transactions and dapp approvals.
- [How wallet drainers work: the approvals and signatures that empty accounts](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/how-wallet-drainers-work-the-approvals-and-signatures-that-empty-accounts): Most drainers don’t steal seed phrases. They trick users into signing permissions that let attackers transfer tokens later and make it look routine on-chain.
- [How to spot address poisoning before you send crypto](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/how-to-spot-address-poisoning-before-you-send-crypto): Treat your transaction history like untrusted tape, then verify the full recipient address and use a test send for size.
- [Crypto wallet scams and how to avoid them: a repeatable defense system](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/learn/crypto-wallet-scams-and-how-to-avoid-them-a-repeatable-defense-system): Most wallet losses come from seed phrase theft, malicious signing, or impersonation, and the best defense is permission hygiene plus smaller blast radius.

## Topics

- [AI Agents](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/ai-agents): Autonomous AI systems operating in crypto and Web3 ecosystems.
- [Agent Identity](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/agent-identity)
- [Algorand](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/algorand): Pure proof-of-stake blockchain for decentralized applications.
- [Automated Trading](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/automated-trading)
- [Avalanche](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/avalanche): High-throughput smart contract platform.
- [BNB](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/bnb): Native token of the BNB Chain ecosystem.
- [Basics](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/defi-basics): Foundations of DeFi: what it is, AMMs, liquidity pools, impermanent loss, and the mechanics behind the protocols.
- [Basics](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/prediction-markets-basics): Foundations of prediction markets: what they are, how they work, the mechanics behind the prices.
- [Bitcoin](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/bitcoin): The first and largest cryptocurrency by market cap.
- [Bitcoin Cash](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/bitcoin-cash): Bitcoin fork focused on larger block sizes for payments.
- [Cardano](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/cardano): Research-driven blockchain platform with proof-of-stake consensus.
- [Chainlink](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/chainlink): Decentralized oracle network connecting smart contracts to real-world data.
- [Cosmos](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/cosmos): Ecosystem of interoperable blockchains.
- [Crypto ETFs](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/crypto-etfs)
- [DeFi](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/defi): Decentralized finance: open financial services built on blockchain.
- [Deai Bittensor](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/deai-bittensor)
- [Decentralized AI](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/decentralized-ai): How blockchain and AI intersect: decentralized compute and GPU networks, on-chain AI models, data marketplaces, and the protocols building open alternatives to centralized AI.
- [Defai](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/defai)
- [Etf By Asset](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/etf-by-asset)
- [Etf Datcos](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/etf-datcos)
- [Etf Foundations](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/etf-foundations)
- [Etf Mechanics](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/etf-mechanics)
- [Etf Regulation](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/etf-regulation)
- [Ethereum](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/ethereum): Programmable blockchain powering smart contracts and DeFi.
- [Ethereum Classic](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/ethereum-classic): Original Ethereum chain maintaining proof-of-work consensus.
- [Filecoin](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/filecoin): Decentralized storage network.
- [Kalshi](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/kalshi)
- [Layer 2](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/layer-2): Scaling solutions built on top of base blockchains.
- [Litecoin](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/litecoin): Peer-to-peer cryptocurrency inspired by Bitcoin.
- [Mining](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/mining): The process of validating transactions and securing proof-of-work blockchains.
- [NFTs](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/nfts): Non-fungible tokens representing unique digital ownership.
- [Perp Dex](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/perp-dex)
- [Perpetual Futures](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/perpetual-futures)
- [Platforms](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/prediction-markets-platforms): Reviews and walkthroughs of major prediction-market platforms: Polymarket, Kalshi, Manifold, and more.
- [Polkadot](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/polkadot): Multi-chain protocol connecting specialized blockchains.
- [Polygon](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/polygon): Ethereum scaling solution for faster, cheaper transactions.
- [Polymarket](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/polymarket)
- [Prediction Market Resolution](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/prediction-market-resolution)
- [Prediction Market Trading](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/prediction-market-trading)
- [Prediction Markets](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/prediction-markets)
- [Prediction Markets Regulation](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/prediction-markets-regulation)
- [Protocols & Platforms](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/defi-protocols): Reviews and walkthroughs of major DeFi protocols: Aave, Uniswap, Compound, Curve, Lido, and more.
- [Reading The Market](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/reading-the-market)
- [Regulation](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/regulation): Government policy and legal frameworks affecting crypto.
- [Risk Management](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/risk-management)
- [SEC](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/sec): U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and its impact on crypto.
- [Security Tokens](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/security-tokens)
- [Solana](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/solana): High-performance blockchain known for fast transactions.
- [Stablecoin Foundations](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/stablecoin-foundations)
- [Stablecoin Issuers](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/stablecoin-issuers)
- [Stablecoin Regulation](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/stablecoin-regulation)
- [Stablecoins](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/stablecoins): Cryptocurrencies pegged to stable assets like the US dollar.
- [Stellar](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/stellar): Open network for payments and asset issuance.
- [Strategy & Trading](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/prediction-markets-strategy): Edges, sizing, market-making, and analysis techniques for trading prediction markets.
- [TRON](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/tron): Blockchain platform for decentralized content and DApps.
- [The Agent Economy](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/the-agent-economy)
- [Tokenization](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/tokenization): Converting real-world assets into blockchain-based tokens.
- [Tokenization Foundations](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/tokenization-foundations)
- [Tokenized Real Estate](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/tokenized-real-estate)
- [Tokenized Stocks](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/tokenized-stocks)
- [Tokenized Treasuries](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/tokenized-treasuries)
- [Trading](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/trading)
- [Uniswap](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/uniswap): Leading decentralized exchange protocol.
- [VeChain](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/vechain): Enterprise blockchain for supply chain and sustainability.
- [Wallet Foundations](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/wallet-foundations)
- [Wallet Security](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/wallet-security)
- [Wallet Threats](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/wallet-threats)
- [Wallet Types](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/wallet-types)
- [Wallets Security](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/wallets-security)
- [Web3](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/web3): The decentralized internet built on blockchain technology.
- [XRP](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/xrp): Digital payment network and cryptocurrency for cross-border transfers.
- [Yield & Staking](https://www.ainewscrypto.com/topic/yield-and-staking): Yield farming, staking, restaking, liquid-staking tokens, and the strategies built around them.