Etf Mechanics
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Start hereHow ETF creation and redemption works: the basket swap that pins price to NAV
Authorized participants create or redeem ETF shares in large blocks by swapping a daily-published basket for a creation unit.
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In-kind vs cash redemption for crypto ETFs: where the forced trade happens
The choice mainly shifts execution and compliance burden between the fund and authorized participants, affecting spreads, tracking, and potential tax outcomes.

How ETF arbitrage keeps price near NAV
Authorized participants create or redeem shares in large blocks when premiums or discounts clear trading-cost hurdles.